Czechoslovak Arms Exports to the Middle East, Volume 1

Czechoslovak Arms Exports to the Middle East, Volume 1: Israel, Jordan and Syria, 1948-1994


Eager to fully use its excessive arms manufacturing capacities and thus earn as much hard currency as possible, communist Czechoslovakia became one of the principal arms suppliers to the Middle East during the Cold War. After the end of the Second World War, Czechoslovakia became an integral part of the Soviet Bloc which was heralded by the communist coup d'état in February 1948. Before that date, however, the communist-led government in Prague had already decided, with backing from Moscow, to provide the newly established State of Israel with armament, which subsequently led to violating the UN arms embargo. These arms infantry weapons and fighter aircraft played a crucial role in the subsequent 1948 Arab Israeli War. As well as armament, the Czechoslovak Army also trained the initial cadre of personnel for the Israeli Air Force and Israeli paratrooper forces. When it became clear that Israel would not become a communist country, solid relations between the two states were disrupted by the Czechoslovak government. From then onwards, the leadership in Prague concentrated on deliveries of military hardware to Israel's Arab opponents. Thus in 1955, thanks to Prague, Syria became the first Arab state which obtained weapons from any communist country. Damascus remained the most loyal client of Czechoslovak arms in the Middle East until the fall of communism in Czechoslovakia in 1989. During more than 30 years, Syrians ordered large quantities of Czechoslovak-designed jet trainer aircraft and impressive numbers of armoured vehicles manufactured in Czechoslovakia under Soviet license.